著名情色杂志《阁楼》创办人卜鲍勃·古奇奥尼(Bob Guccione)
成人杂志《阁楼》(Penthouse)之父古乔内(Bob Guccione)周三在美国德州病逝,享年七十九岁。他四十五年前凭风格大胆的美女裸照,成功开创集性爱、政治、抗争于一身的性书血路,估计近三十年来销售收益达四十亿美元(约三百一十二亿港元)。但这个屹立三十八年的王国近年被色情网站蚕食,加上投资损手,数年前破产易手。这位曾风云一时的大亨近年不停变卖家产,并退隐专注画画,见证性书市场的大起大跌。
生于纽约的古乔内自小立志当艺术家,曾前往欧洲和北非游历,并以作画维生。上世纪六十年代他与当时的妻子移居伦敦经营干衣店,并担任漫画家及报社编辑。六五年他为了资助自己的绘画工作,才以不到一万港元的成本在英国创办《阁楼》,不料数天内售清全数十二万册。杂志的大胆露骨风格赢得不少读者赞赏,认为它勇于打破传统禁忌。四年后《阁楼》打入美国市场,短时间内威胁到《花花公子》的龙头地位。
《阁楼》在八十年代进入全盛时期,每月在全球十六个国家销量逾四百万册。杂志的成功令古乔内的财富随之增加,他在八二年跻身福布斯400富豪榜。
然而古乔内多次投资损手,令其事业逐渐走下坡。七九年他投资逾亿港元拍摄的艳情电影《暴帝卡里古拉》(Caligula)失利严重亏损,讽刺的是,此电影后来成为杂志母公司旗下最受欢迎的DVD之一。
隐居德州专注画画
互联网在九十年代开始普及,网上色情信息泛滥,亦令成人杂志巿场饱受冲击,《阁楼》销量持续下跌。古乔内经营的杂志母公司General Media○三年申请破产,他同年辞去《阁楼》主席及CEO职务,杂志翌年被收购。
一直与癌魔抗争的古乔内,近年不时变卖家财,并收山隐居德州,专注画画。古乔内有过四次婚姻,共育有两女三子,遗孀表示丧礼将以私人方式进行。
古乔内生平编辑本段回目录
1930年生于美国纽约市。
1965年在英国创办《阁楼》杂志,其后打入美国市场。
1979年投资逾1.3亿港元开拍艳情电影《暴帝卡里古拉》失利。
1982年跻身福布斯400富豪榜,估计资产31.2亿港元。
1984年《阁楼》9月号为黑人美国小姐云妮莎威廉丝拍摄裸照,大卖600万册。
2003年《阁楼》销量跌至低于50万本,出版商同年申请破产。
2004年《阁楼》业务被收购。
2010年在美国德州病逝。
情色杂志《阁楼》创办人病逝 编辑本段回目录
古奇奥尼早年在艳星的簇拥下。
早报讯 著名情色杂志《阁楼》创办人卜鲍勃·古奇奥尼(Bob Guccione)昨天在美国得克萨斯州因肺癌去世,终年79岁。
纽约出生的古奇奥尼少年时代曾经当过厨子、演员及私家侦探。1965年他于英国创办成人杂志《阁楼》,以专栏、侦查报道、结合了生活资讯及轻度情色照片而大受欢迎,
到了1969年,《阁楼》开始杀向美国并且一举成名。他与妻子凯西·基顿一起呈现在美国男性读者面前的是一本比《花花公子》还要“花”的情色杂志,它展示的女性裸体图片更加暴露,更加煽情。由于这种赤裸裸的展览女性身体的行为,美国女权主义者和保守人士提出了强烈抗议。
《阁楼》在上世纪70年代曾达到每期500万份的发行量。80年代,《阁楼》因刊登了首任黑人美国小姐Vanessa Williams及未成名前的麦当娜裸照而声名大噪;90年代,《阁楼》风格由乐而不淫转为过于露骨,不但没有让报刊发行商感到高兴,而且也遭到了主流出版业的排斥。近年《阁楼》销路下跌,受到互联网强烈冲击,其母公司早前更因美国破产法第十一章而需要重组。
美国另一本著名成人杂志《大腿秀》的前编辑迪安·汉森说:“归根到底,走赤裸裸的路子是《阁楼》被迫出局的原因之一。”而《阁楼》走向穷途末路的另一原因是古奇奥尼的子女都不屑于与他们的父亲为伍。儿子小古奇奥尼与古奇奥尼决裂,自己创办了一本男性时尚生活杂志。比古奇奥尼幸运的是,《花花公子》创办人海夫纳有个可以继承大业的女儿克里斯蒂。
除了混迹出版业,古奇奥尼本人也曾参与导演情色片,比如和著名情色片导演丁度·巴拉斯合作导演了《罗马帝国艳情史》。
古奇奥尼虽然对女性身体似乎表现出了无休止的喜好,但他自己在个人习惯方面据说却是一个相当保守的人,不抽烟、不喝酒、不吸毒,而据他的朋友和亲信说,他自己经营着一个庞大的情色生意王国,却是一个十分忠诚的丈夫。古奇奥尼晚年罹患癌症,倍感凄凉的是,妻子基顿在1997年去世。他不但失去了一个生意场上的好帮手,而且个人生活也遭受了巨大打击。
色情媒体帝国缔造者离世编辑本段回目录
鲍勃·古奇奥尼(Bob Guccione)上世纪60年代创办了《阁楼》杂志,并缔造了一个破除禁忌的色情媒体帝国,他曾激起形形色色卫道士们的愤慨,也挣下过数十亿身家,但后来却深陷于投资失败与国际竞争的泥沼,周三,他在德州普莱诺去世,终年79岁。
A statement issued by the Guccione family said he died at Plano Specialty Hospital after a long battle with cancer, The A.P. said.
据古奇奥尼第四任妻子道恩·瓦伦·古奇奥尼介绍,他过去一年一直住在德州,与病魔作了长期斗争之后,终因肺癌死于普拉诺专科医院。
His empire began in London in 1965 with a bank loan, an idea and an accident. The loan was for $1,170. The idea was a new magazine with nude photos to outdo Hugh Hefner’s Playboy. And the accident was an old mailing list, so that promotional brochures with pornographic samples went out to clergymen, schoolgirls, old-age pensioners and wives of members of Parliament.
他的帝国开创于1965年的伦敦,当时,他凭借的仅是一笔银行贷款、一个目标和一次机遇。贷款为1170美元。目标是要办一本含有露骨裸照的新杂志以求超越休·赫夫纳的《花花公子》。而机遇是有一份旧的邮寄名单,这样附带色情样照的宣传册便能发到牧师、女学生、领养老金者和议员妻子的手里。
The outcry was huge. And there was a $264 fine for mailing indecent materials. But all 120,000 copies of the first issue of Penthouse sold out in days, and Mr. Guccione, a struggling artist from New Jersey who had been knocking around Europe for more than a decade, was on his way to being a tycoon.
强烈抗议汹涌而来。因为邮寄不雅资料,他还被处以264美元罚金。但是《阁楼》首期发行的12万份在几天内便销售一空,古奇奥尼这个举步维艰的新泽西艺术家,曾经在欧洲各地闯荡了10多年,到此时方迈上了大鳄的成长之路。
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By the early 1980s he was one of America’s richest men, king of a $300 million publishing empire, General Media, which owned Penthouse, with a monthly circulation of 4.7 million in 16 countries, and 15 other magazines, including Omni and Penthouse Forum as well as titles on bodybuilding, photography and computers, in addition to book, video and merchandising divisions.
到上世纪80年代初期,他已然晋身美国最富者的行列,是一个3亿美元出版帝国“通用媒体”的国王。除了在16个国家月发行470万份的《阁楼》之外,公司另拥有15份杂志,包括《Omni》和《阁楼论坛》以及有关健身、摄影与电脑的刊物,此外还有书籍、电视与营销部门。
Forbes listed Mr. Guccione’s net worth in 1982 as $400 million. His art collections, worth $150 million, included works by Degas, Renoir, Picasso, El Greco, Dalí, Matisse and Chagall. Troves of art and antiques filled his Manhattan home, a 17,000-square-foot double town house on East 67th Street, and his country estate in Staatsburg, N.Y.
按《福布斯》所列,古奇奥尼的净资产在1982年达到了4亿美元。他的艺术收藏就价值1.5亿美元,其中不乏德加、雷诺瓦、毕卡索、埃尔·格列柯、达利、马蒂斯和夏加尔等大师的作品。艺术与古董珍品塞满了他曼哈顿的家——位于东67号大街面积17000平方英尺(约合1579平米)的双层市内宅邸以及纽约斯塔兹堡的乡村庄园。
Mr. Guccione looked the part of the libidinous pornographer. He was tanned and muscled, and he wore slim pants and silk shirts open to the waist, showing gold chains on a hairy chest. His personality was volatile, but he did not drink, smoke or use drugs.
看起来,古奇奥尼与淫荡的色情贩子颇为吻合。他皮肤黝黑、肌肉发达,总穿着紧身长裤,真丝衬衫领口一直开到了腰部,袒露出坠满金链子的毛茸茸胸脯。他性格反复无常,不过他伙伴称其不饮酒,不抽烟,也不吸毒。
“He was a mass of contradictions, engendering fierce loyalty and equally fierce contempt,” Patricia Bosworth, who had been executive editor of Mr. Guccione’s Viva magazine in the 1970s, wrote in Vanity Fair in 2005. “He hired and fired people, then rehired them. He could be warm and funny one minute and cold and detached the next.”
“他就是矛盾的统一体,人们对他有多少耿耿忠心,便有多少不屑一顾。”帕特西娅·博斯沃什是上世纪70年代古奇奥尼旗下《Viva》杂志的执行主编,2005年,她在《名利场》撰文写道。“他雇了人,又解雇人,然后再重新雇他们。他这一分钟还热情风趣,下一分钟就会冷酷无情。”
Robert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini Guccione was born in Brooklyn on Dec. 17, 1930, the son of Anthony and Nina Guccione. He was raised Roman Catholic in Bergenfield, N.J., and said he considered the priesthood, but decided to be an artist. In 1948 he graduated from Blair Academy, in Blairstown, N.J. At 18 he married the first of his three wives, Lilyann Becker, and had a daughter, Tonia. The marriage soon failed.
罗伯特·查尔斯·约瑟夫·爱德华·萨巴蒂尼·古奇奥尼1930年12月17日生于布鲁克林,是安东尼和尼娜·古奇奥尼的儿子。在新泽西伯根菲尔德,他被培养成天主教徒,据他自己说,在决定成为艺术家之前,他一度考虑做牧师。1948年,他从美国新泽西布莱尔斯镇的布莱尔学院毕业。18岁他即与其四任妻子中的第一位莉莉安·贝克结婚,并有了一个女儿托妮娅。这段婚姻很快破裂。
Over the next 12 years he traveled in Europe and North Africa, sketching tourists in cafes and working odd jobs. In Tangier he met Muriel Hudson, an English singer. They traveled together for several years, were married in 1955 and had four children: Bob Jr., Nina, Anthony and Nick.
随后的12年里,他浪迹于欧洲与北非,在咖啡店里为游客画素描,或者打些零工。在坦吉尔(译注:摩洛哥北部城市),他邂逅英国歌手穆里尔·哈德森。他们结伴同行了几年,并于1955年完婚,还有了四个小孩:小鲍勃、尼娜、安东尼和尼克。
In 1960 they settled in London, where he ran a dry-cleaning business, drew cartoons for a syndicate and edited a small newspaper. A mail-order business, selling back issues of men’s magazines, put him deep in debt, and his wife left him, taking the children. But Penthouse transformed his life.
1960年他们定居于伦敦,在这儿,他开了一家干洗店,并为一家报业联盟画漫画,还主编一份小报。一桩销售男性杂志过刊的邮购生意让他债台高筑,妻子也离他而去,并带走了孩子们。但是《阁楼》让他的命运从此转变。
With Kathy Keeton, a dancer from South Africa who was his girlfriend, his business partner and later his wife, Mr. Guccione challenged Playboy at the height of the sexual revolution, introducing Penthouse in the United States in 1969 and building it into one of the nation’s most successful magazines, a mix of what was billed as “sex, politics and protest” that took in an estimated $3.5 billion to $4 billion over 30 years.
来自南非的舞蹈演员凯茜·基顿,先是他的女朋友兼商业伙伴,之后成了他的妻子,正是与她携手,在性革命的鼎盛时期,古奇奥尼向《花花公子》发起了挑战,于1969年将《阁楼》引入美国,并将其办成了该国最成功的杂志之一,据估计,这份标榜为混合了“性、政治与异议”的刊物在30年内总计吸金35亿到40亿美元。
Its images of women, often shot by Mr. Guccione, left little to the imagination. Compared with Playboy Playmates, as the Hefner centerfold models were known, Penthouse Pets were arrayed in more provocative poses. The magazine infuriated feminists and conservatives, but others praised it for breaking taboos.
《阁楼》上的女性形象,经常由古奇奥尼亲自操刀,想象空间不大。与赫夫纳折页模特成名之地——《花花公子》玩伴相比,《阁楼》宠物的打扮要挑逗得多。该杂志因此激怒了女权主义者与保守主义者,但其他人却为它敢于冲破禁忌而大加褒扬。
Penthouse occasionally ran nude layouts of well-known women, including Madonna. In 1984, sexually explicit photos of Vanessa Williams, taken two years before she became the first black Miss America, appeared in Penthouse. Ms. Williams lost her crown and sued for $500 million, but the suit was dropped and Penthouse reported a $14 million newsstand windfall.
《阁楼》偶尔也刊载知名女性的裸体照,其中就有麦当娜。1984年,第一位黑人美国小姐凡妮莎·威廉姆斯两年前拍摄的性感裸照被《花花公子》拒绝发表之后,却在《阁楼》上登载了。威廉姆斯因此失去了后冠,她向法院起诉,要求赔款5亿美元,但她最终放弃了这个案子,据说,《阁楼》从中赚得一笔1400万美元的意外之财。
Aside from the battle of the centerfolds, Penthouse offered an aura of class: fiction, celebrity profiles and political articles. It published Alan Dershowitz, Stephen King, Philip Roth, Joyce Carol Oates and J. P. Donleavy, and interviews with Germaine Greer, Gore Vidal and Isaac Asimov.
除了折页模特之争以外,《阁楼》还呈现出多元化的风格:有小说,有明星档案,还有政治文章。它发表过亚伦‧德修兹、斯蒂芬·金、菲利普·罗斯、乔伊斯·卡罗尔·奥茨和J.P. 邓利维的作品,并对杰曼·格里尔、戈尔·维达尔和伊萨克·阿西莫夫进行过专访。
Other Guccione magazines made splashes: Viva, featuring male nudes for female browsers, folded in 1978 after five years; Omni, a science and science fiction offering, began in 1978 and ended in 1995. Mr. Guccione employed his children and father in his enterprises.
其他古奇奥尼杂志也曾名噪一时:《Viva》以向女性读者展示男色为主打,发行5年之后到1978年才关门大吉;《Omni》是一本科学与科幻读物,1978年创刊,1995年停刊。在企业里,古奇奥尼还雇用了他儿子与父亲。
The dissolution of the Guccione empire took years. A $200 million Penthouse casino in Atlantic City never materialized, and he lost much of his investment. A $17.5 million movie containing hard-core sex scenes and graphic violence, “Caligula,” was shunned by distributors, and Mr. Guccione lost heavily. He once hired 82 scientists to develop a small nuclear reactor as a low-cost energy source, but it came to nothing and cost $17 million.
数年之间,古奇奥尼帝国分崩离析。大西洋城造价2亿的阁楼赌场至今也未成形,他失去了大部分投资。投资1750万美元的影片《罗马帝国艳情史》,因包含赤裸裸的性交场景和暴力场面,演员中又有马尔科姆·麦克道威尔和海伦·米伦,结果被发行商拒之门外,古奇奥尼因此损失惨重。他还一度雇佣了82位科学家来开发一种小型核反应堆作为廉价能源,耗资高达1700万美元,到头来却竹篮打水一场空。
The government took chunks of his fortune. In 1985, the Internal Revenue Service demanded $45 million in back taxes. In 1992, he had to borrow $80 million for another tax bill. In 1986, after a scathing federal antipornography report, Penthouse was withdrawn from many newsstands and circulation revenues — a major source of income — fell sharply.
政府也拿走了他的大量财富。1985年,美国国税局要求他偿付4500万美元税收欠款。1992年,他又不得不借款8000万以应对另一张税收账单。1996年,一份苛刻的联邦扫黄报告出台后,《阁楼》被责令从许多报摊收回,这导致其收入的一项主要来源——发行收益大幅锐减。
The trend accelerated in the 1990s as Internet pornography grew increasingly available. Mr. Guccione responded with more explicit sexual content that drove advertisers and vendors away, limiting many sales to pornographic bookstores. Ms. Keeton, the president and chief operating officer, died in 1997, and friends said her loss had profound effects on Mr. Guccione’s business and personal life.
上世纪90年代,随着互联网上色情内容不断丰富,《阁楼》衰落之势愈加明显。古奇奥尼则以更暴露的性内容予以回应,这导致广告商与卖主都不敢接手,销售仅限于色情书店。而公司总裁兼首席营运官基顿也于1997年去世,据朋友说,她的离去对古奇奥尼的生意及个人生活是一个无比沉重的打击。
Besides his fourth wife, whom he married in 2006, Mr. Guccione is survived by his five children and a grandson.除了2006年迎娶的第四任妻子之外,古奇奥尼身后还有5个孩子和1个孙子。
Mr. Guccione, who developed throat cancer in 1998, sold artworks, media properties and his Staatsburg estate as revenues dwindled and debts soared. Penthouse posted a $10 million loss in 2001, General Media filed for bankruptcy in 2003, and he resigned as chairman and chief executive of Penthouse International. Creditors foreclosed on the Guccione mansion, and he moved out in 2006.
1998年古奇奥尼罹患喉癌,由于收入缩水和债台高筑,他只好变卖艺术品、媒体资产及其斯塔茨堡庄园。2001年,《阁楼》公布损失1000万美元,通用媒体也于2003年申请破产,而他则辞去了阁楼国际的董事长与首席执行官之职。债主取消了古奇奥尼宅邸的抵押权,他只好于2006年搬出。(不过,《阁楼》杂志仍在出版。)2009年,作为拍前估价的一小部分,一家康涅狄格的画廊拍卖了他市内宅邸的几十件物品——壁炉架、大理石柱,乃至环形楼梯,其收益捐给了慈善事业。
“Kind of gaudy,” said Dave Kerr, a prospective buyer looking skeptically over the lot. “It wouldn’t work in our house. I guess he lived a different lifestyle.”
“有些俗艳,”一位潜在买家戴夫·克尔评论道,他以怀疑的眼神细细打量着拍品。“它不适合我们的房子。我猜他的生活方式跟我们不是一路。”
著名情色杂志《阁楼》创办人病逝 曾导演情色片编辑本段回目录
著名情色杂志《阁楼》创办人卜鲍勃·古奇奥尼(Bob Guccione)
参考文献编辑本段回目录
http://article.yeeyan.org/view/163202/144977