基本信息编辑本段回目录
内容简介编辑本段回目录
Many of the institutions that have served us well for decades or centuries seem stuck in the past and unable to move forward. And yet, in every corner of the globe, a powerful new model of economic and social innovation is sweeping across all sectors-one where people with drive, passion, and expertise take advantage of new Web-based tools to get more involved in making the world more prosperous, just, and sustainable.
* An Iraq veteran whose start-up car company is "staffed" by over 4,500 competing designers and supplied by microfactories around the world
* A microlending community where 570,000 individuals help fund new ventures-from Angola to Vietnam
* An online community for people with life-altering diseases that also serves as a large-scale research project
* An astronomer who is mapping the universe with the help of 250,000 citizen scientists
Tapscott and Williams once again use original research to provide vivid new examples of organizations that are successfully embracing the principles of wikinomics to change the world.
Visit www.Macrowikinomics.com.
作者简介编辑本段回目录
Anthony D. Williams is a strategic advisor to several Fortune 500 firms and is a senior fellow at the Lisbon Council. Both authors live in Toronto.
书评：维基之道编辑本段回目录
熊彼得
维基之路
两位网络专家对互联网如何改变世界的再研究
在2007年肯尼亚有争议的选举之后，当地的一位律师及博主——Ory Okolloh，一直关注着残暴的事件。国家媒体没兴趣。私人报纸缺乏财力和人力进行正确的调查。所以Okolloh女士建立了一个网站，允许任何人用手机或者互联网连接设备报告暴力事件的爆发。她在网上贴出目击实录，而且甚至创建地图来展示哪里正在发生杀戮和殴打。
自从Okolloh女士创办了一个叫做“Ushahidi”的组织，把她最初的构想在世界的各个部分进行实施。它帮助巴基斯坦人计划加沙地区的暴力事件和海地人追踪在一月份摧毁他们国家的地震的影响，它甚至帮助华盛顿处理今年给他们城市带来停止的“snowmaggedon”事件。Ushahidi的成功体现了维基经济学的原则。
Don Tapscott 和 Anthony Williams在他们的2006名称册里 杜撰了“维基经济学”术语。他们主要的见解是合作得到了迅速的更便宜和更容易。网站给予业余人士进入国际水平的交流和全世界的市场的机会。它让一群从未谋面的人很容易的共同工作。而且它增加了创新：一群人能比孤立的天才更快的开发新的想法，以及更快的传播它们。
Tapscott先生和Williams先生目前写了一个关于他们畅销书随访，他们为一个活泼的标题在网络上请求150条建议。结果，唉，有些沉闷：“宏观维基经济学:重启商业和世界”。但是这本书很值得读，有两个原因。
第一是，这四年在互联网时代是不朽的。自从“维基经济学”出版后，因特网变得更强大。YouTube每天提供2亿个视频，微博每秒钟鸣叫750次，互联网流量每年增长40%。互联网演变为社会的媒体。人们每月在Facebook上张贴2.5亿张照片。超过一半的美国青少年说他们是“内容创造者”。而且它不仅仅是这些天在互联网上登录的人们，家用电器也是，例如，诺基亚已经制造了一个能够探测并报告辐射和污染的“ecosensor”手机的原型。
第二个原因是，每天互联网的作用被更广泛的感受到。在“维基经济学”中，作者着眼于它对个别商业的影响。在他们的新书中着眼于它如何对一些现代社会核心体系的震动：媒体、大学、政府等等。它是一个关于创造性破坏的熊彼得故事。
两个最不幸的维基经济学受害者是报纸和音乐行业。自从2000年以来，72家报纸被迫歇业。2007年发行量下降了四分之一。从某种程度上来来，音乐行业做的更糟糕：95%的音乐下载时非法的，这个带来世界猫王和甲壳虫的行业被年轻人谩骂。当你在网站上能得到即时的新闻，为什么去买报纸？当你能在YouTube上免费的观看他，为什么买Eminem最新的CD?或者，作为一个青少年可能提出：什么是CD?
其他的行业只是开始被维基经济学改变。小汽车行业是一个垂直整合的典型；现在一些企业家策划它的分解。当地汽车商通过拥有4500个设计师（进行产品设计比赛的设计师）的网络和许多微型工厂（在开放的市场上购买零件然后组装的工厂）为发烧友生产定制的汽车。大学是这个星球上一些最保守的机构，但是麻省理工学院目前把它所有的课程放在网上。这个对古老的教学方式的威胁无疑使教授在公共休息室的地毯上到处吐雪利酒。
维基经济学甚至使守旧的古老国家变年轻。爱沙尼亚政府批准了一项非凡的尝试来摆脱这个国家难看的垃圾：自愿者使用GPS设备来定位10000个非法垃圾场，然后派出一支5000人的军队来清理掉它们。其他一些政府开始监听更多的企业雇员。Vivek kundra，奥巴马现在的IT专家，当他为市长工作时，为华盛顿设计了各种各样的基于网络的公共设施。Steve Ressler，另外一个美国人，创造了一个叫年轻政府领导者的网站发烧友组织以及一个叫GovLoop的网站。
FixTheState.com
组织如何利用网络的力量而不是被它大口吞食？Messers Tapscott和Williams认可常见的关于“开放和共同创造"的维基口号。但是他们比其他人较少的过分乐观。他们不仅认可盈利和创新的重要，他们也提出金钱奖励可以被用于提高公共部门和自愿者部门。NetSquared，一个非盈利组织，介绍了关于社会创业的最佳创意奖。公共部门企业家如Kundra先生对建立公共部门“应用程序商店”的想法很激动。
Messrs Tapscott和Williams有时对他们的网络热情失去理智。好的创新者常常需要忽略大众的勇气。（亨利福特喜欢说如果他听从了他的客户，它就会去生产更好的马和马车。）好的组织需要时间去编造改变世界的想法。层次作为网络可能只是对创造性破坏的过程有价值的。但是作者不过是去争论网络是我们的时代最激进的力量。他们当然也正确的预测这仅是网络开始发挥它魔力的开始。
Book Excerpt: Macrowikinomics编辑本段回目录
…These industrial age institutions brought us mass production of goods, mass media like newspapers, radio, and television, mass education and learning for everyone, mass marketing and mass democracy and government in which elected officials produced and distributed laws and services. As a mode of production the industrial economy was infinitely superior to what came before it (the agrarian craft society), dramatically advancing wealth, prosperity, and the standard of living for many. But this was a centralized, one-way, one-size-fits-all mass model controlled by the powerful owners of production and society.
Now because of the new Web the old industrial models are all being turned on their heads. There is now a new engine of innovation and wealth creation and a powerful new force that radically drops collaboration costs and as such enables communities to collaborate on shared concerns, endeavors, and challenges. Greater openness in innovation and science, for example, is creating more economic opportunity for citizens and businesses that learn how to tap into global innovation webs.
In the fight against climate change, ordinary people are forging a mass movement to bring greater consumer awareness and a sense of community to making ordinary household and business decisions that can reduce our carbon footprints. In education, leading universities are breaking down their ivory towers and building a global network for higher learning—a rich tapestry of world-class educational resources that every aspiring student on the planet can use and return to throughout his or her lifetime. Innovators across the public sector are harnessing the Web to generate more productive and equitable services, bolster public trust and legitimacy, and unlock new possibilities to co-innovate solutions to local, national, and global challenges. Put it all together and it becomes increasingly clear that we can rethink and rebuild many industries and sectors of society on a profoundly new, open, networked model. Indeed, for the first time in history, people everywhere can participate fully in achieving this new future.
In our previous book, Wikinomics (Portfolio 2006), we called this new force "mass collaboration" and argued that it was reaching a tipping point where social networking was becoming a new mode of social production that would forever change the way products and services are designed, manufactured, and marketed on a global basis. But, in the four years since penning the idea, it's clear that wikinomics has gone beyond a business or a technology trend to become a more encompassing societal shift. It's a bit like going from micro- to macroeconomics. In which case, wikinomics, defined as the art and science of mass collaboration in business, becomes macrowikinomics:the application of wikinomics and its core principles to society and all of it institutions. Just as millions have contributed to Wikipedia—and thousands still make ongoing contributions to large-scale collaborations like Linux and the human genome project—there is now a historic opportunity to marshal human skill, ingenuity, and intelligence on a mass scale to reevaluate and reposition many of our institutions for the coming decades and for future generations. After all, the potential for new models of collaboration does not end with the production of software, media, entertainment, and culture. Why not open-source government, education, science, the production of energy, and even health care? As we will discover in later chapters, these are not idle fantasies, but real opportunities that the new world of macrowikinomics makes possible.
参考文献编辑本段回目录
http://article.yeeyan.org/view/152882/139576
http://www.economist.com/node/17091709
http://www.macrowikinomics.com/
